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| BENDERA MALAYSIA |
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JATA NEGARA |
Malaysia
is a federal constitutional monarchy in Southeast Asia. It
consists of thirteen states and three federal territory and has a total landmass of 329,847 square kilometres (127,350 sq mi)
separated by the South China Sea
into two similarly sized regions, Peninsular Malaysia and Malaysia Borneo.
Land borders are shared with Thailand, Indoneasia,
and Brunei,
and maritime borders exist with Singapore,
Vietnam,
and the Philippines.
The capital city is Kuala Lumpur,
while Putrajaya
is the seat of the federal government. In 2010 the population exceeded
27.5 million, with over 20 million living on the Peninsula.
In 1957, the Federation of Malaysia was
declared as an independent federation of the Malay states on the Malay
Peninsula. The name "Malaysia" was adopted in 1963 when the existing
states of the Federation of Malaya, plus Singapore, North Borneo and Sarawak
formed a new federation, with "si" being added to Malaya in honor of
the three joining states.
MALAYSIA HISTORY
Situated in the heart of Southeast Asia at one of the world's major crossroads, Malaysia has always been pivotal to trade routes from Europe, the Orient, India and China. Its warm tropical climate and abundant natural blessings made it a congenial destination for immigrants as early as 5,000 years ago when the ancestors of the Orang Asli, the indigenous peoples of Peninsular Malaysia, settle here, probably the pioneers of a general movement from China and Tibet. They were followed by the Malays, who brought with them skills in farming and the use of metals. Around the first century BC, strong trading links were established with China and India, and these had a major impact on the culture, language and social customs of the country. Evidence of a Hindu-Buddhist period in the history of Malaysia can today be found in the temple sites of the Bujang Valley and Merbok Estuary in Kedah in the north west of Peninsular Malaysia, near the Thai border. The spread of Islam, introduced by Arab and Indian traders, brought the Hindu-Buddhist era to an end by the 13th century. With the conversion of the Malay-Hindu rulers of the Melaka Sultanate (the Malay kingdom which ruled both side of the Straits of Malaka for over a hundred years),, Islam was established as the religion of the Malays, and had profound effect on Malay society.
The arrival of Europeans in Malaysia brought a dramatic change to the country. In 1511, the Portuguese captured Malaka and the rulers of the Melaka Sultanate fled south to Johor where they tried to establish a new kingdom. They were resisted not only by the Europeans but by the Acehnese, Minangkabau and the Bugis, resulting in the sovereign units of the present-day states of Peninsular Malaysia. The Portuguese were in turn defeated in 1641 by the Dutch, who colonized Melaka until the advent of the British in the Dutch exerted any profound influence on Malay society. The British acquired Melaka from the Dutch in 1824 in exchange for Bencoolen in Sumatra. From their new bases in Malaka, Penang and Singapore, collectively known as the Straits settlements, the British, through their influence and power, began the process of political intergration of the Malay states of Peninsular Malaysia.
After World War II and the Japanese occupation from 1941-45, the British created the Malayan Union 1946.This was abandoned in 1948 and the Federation of Malaya emerged in its place. The Federation gained its independence from Britain on 31 August 1957.In September 1963, Malaya, Sarawak, Sabah, and initially Singapore united to form Malaysia, a country whose potpourri of society and customs derives from its rich heritage from four of the world's major cultures - Chinese, Indian, Islamic and Western.
